Успішне припинення лікування після 7 років гемодіалізу в результаті догляду за нирками за програмою Топрака: клінічний випадок

Ключові слова: гемодіаліз, хронічна хвороба нирок, догляд за пацієнтом, оцінка харчування.

Анотація

У пацієнтів з термінальною стадією хронічної хвороби нирок (ХХН), які лікуються метдом гемодіалізу протягом більш ніж три місяці, мало шансів припинити діаліз. Метою цього клінічного випадку є продемонструвати вплив догляду за нирками пацієнта та харчування на можливість припинення діалізу та спостереження за пацієнтом. Ми представляємо 74-річного пацієнта з ХХН VД, який лікувався методом гемодіалізу 3 рази на тиждень протягом 7 років. Після того, як пацієнт пройшов спеціальну програму догляду за нирками та харчування, названу доглядом за нирками Топрака, гемодіаліз було припинено шляхом поступового зменшення сеансів діалізу протягом 2,5 місяців. Протягом 62-місячного спостереження після припинення гемодіалізу швидкість клубочкової фільтрації стабілізувалась на рівні 8-10 мл/хв/1,73 м2, пацієнт не був госпіталізований, і не відбулося жодної небажаної серцевої події. На сьогоднішній день пацієнт залишається у задовільному стані.

Догляд за програмою Топрак та харчова підтримка можуть бути розглянуті у разі необхідності припинення лікування методом гемодіалізу у пацієнтів з адекватним діурезом, навіть через 7 років діалізної терапії. Потрібні консенсус і клінічні рекомендації щодо можливості припинення лікування гемодіалізом у пацієнтів з ХХН VД.

Завантаження

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Посилання

Mohan S, Huff E, Wish J, Lilly M, Chen SC, McClellan WM; Fistula First Breakthrough Initiative Data Committee, 2013. Recovery of renal function among ESRD patients in the US medicare program. PLoS One. 2013;8:e83447. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083447.

Chen Z, Lee BJ, McCulloch CE, Burrows NR, Heung M, Hsu RK. The relation between dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury and recovery from end-stage renal disease: a national study. BMC Nephrol. 2019;20:342. doi: 10.1186/s12882-019-1483-y.

Agraharkar M, Nair V, Patlovany M. Recovery of renal function in dialysis patients. BMC Nephrol. 2003;4:9. doi: 10.1186/1471-2369-4-9.

Seckinger J, Dschietzig W, Leimenstoll G, Rob PM, Kuhlmann MK, Pommer W, et al.  Morbidity, mortality and quality of life in the ageing haemodialysis population: results from the ELDERLY study. Clin Kidney J. 2016;9:839-848. doi:10.1093/ckj/sfw087.

Letachowicz K, Madziarska K, Letachowicz W, Krajewska M, Penar J, Kusztal M. The possibility of renal function recovery in chronic hemodialysis patients should not be overlooked: Single center experience. Hemodial Int. 2016;20:12-14. doi:10.1111/hdi.12383.

Fehrman-Ekholm I, Bergenhag AC, Heimburger O, Schön S. Recovery of renal function after one-year of dialysis treatment: case report and registry data. Int J Nephrol. 2010;817836. doi: 10.4061/2010/817836.

Toprak O, Kirik A. Is renal function recovery and discontinuation of long term hemodialysis possible in patients with presumed end stage kidney disease? The role of Toprak’s Kidney Care. J Urol Ren Dis. 2020;05:1191. doi:10.29011/2575-7903.001191.

Bikbov B, Purcell CA, Levey AS, Smith M, Abdoli A, Abebe M. Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2020;395:709-733. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30045-3.

Piccoli GB, Guzzo G, Vigotti FN, Capizzi I, Clari R, Scognamiglio S. Tailoring dialysis and resuming low-protein diets may favor chronic dialysis discontinuation: report on three cases. Hemodial Int. 2014;18:590-595. doi:10.1111/hdi.12168.

Ikizler TA, Burrowes JD, Byham-Gray LD, Campbell KL, Carrero JJ, Chan W. KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Nutrition in CKD: 2020 Update. Am J Kidney Dis. 2020;76:S1-S107. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.05.006.

Toprak O, Bozyel EA, Alp B. Discontinuing Hemodialysis with Patient Care and a Successful 9-Year Follow-up in a Patient Presumed to have End-Stage Kidney Disease Scheduled to Lifelong Hemodialysis: A Case Report. Clinics and Practice. 2021;11:131-142. doi: 10.3390/clinpract11010019.

Sobhani Z, Nikoofal-Sahlabadi S, Amiri MS, Ramezani M, Emami SA, Sahebkar A. Therapeutic Effects of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Fruit in Traditional and Modern Medicine: A Review. Med Chem. 2020;16:1069-1088. doi:10.2174/1573406415666191031143553.

Alam MA, Nasiruddin M, Haque SF, Khan RA. Evaluation of safety and efficacy profile of Nigella sativa oil as an add-on therapy, in addition to alpha-keto analogue of essential amino acids in patients with chronic kidney disease. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2020;31:21-31. doi: 10.4103/1319-2442.279943.

Nelson K, Wysocki J. Benefits of Probiotic Consumption on Chronic Kidney Disease. J Ren Nutr. 2020;30:e35-e36. doi:10.1053/j.jrn.2019.05.001.

Dotto JM,  Chacha JS. The potential of pumpkin seeds as a functional food ingredient: A review. Scientific African. 2020;10:575. doi:10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00575.

Menigoz W, Latz TT, Ely RA, Kamei C, Melvin G, Sinatra D. Integrative and lifestyle medicine strategies should include Earthing (grounding): Review of research evidence and clinical observations. Explore (NY). 2020;16:152-160. doi: 10.1016/j.explore.2019.10.005.

Hanafusa N, Lodebo BT, Shah A, Kopple JD. Is There a Role for Diaphoresis Therapy for Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease Patients? J Ren Nutr. 2017;27:295-302. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2017.04.008.

Bo Y, Yeoh EK, Guo C, Zhang Z, Tam T, Chan TC, et al. Sleep and the Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cohort Study. J Clin Sleep Med. 2019;15:393-400. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.7660.

Pham TV, Beasley CM, Gagliardi JP, Koenig HG, Stanifer JW. Spirituality, Coping, and Resilience Among Rural Residents Living with Chronic Kidney Disease. J Relig Health. 2020;59:2951-2968. doi: 10.1007/s10943-019-00892-w.

Askari G, Heidari-Beni M, Broujeni MB, Ebneshahidi A, Amini M, Ghisvand R, et al. Effect of whole wheat bread and white bread consumption on pre-diabetes patient. Pak J Med Sci. 2013;29 Suppl:275-279. doi:10.12669/pjms.291(Suppl).3516.

Mohamadinasab S, Ravari A, Mirzaei T, Sayadi A. The Effect of Aromatherapy with Essential Rose Oils on Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients. J Med Plants. 2019;18:202-214. ‎ doi:10.29252/jmp.4.72.202.

Samarehfekri A, Dehghan M, Arab M, Ebadzadeh MR. Effect of Foot Reflexology on Pain, Fatigue, and Quality of Sleep after Kidney Transplantation Surgery: A Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020;2020:5095071. doi: 10.1155/2020/5095071.

Lu CY, Chen YC, Lu YW, Muo CH, Chang RE. Association of Constipation with risk of end-stage renal disease in patients with chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol. 2019;20:304. doi: 10.1186/s12882-019-1481-0.

Toprak O, Bozyel EA, Alp B, Kirik A. Discontinuation of Hemodialysis After 8 Years in Favor of Toprak's Kidney Care in a Patient with End-Stage Kidney Disease. Am J Case Rep. 2021;22:e930857. doi: 10.12659/AJCR.930857.

Wang Cs, Ku E. eHealth in kidney care. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2020;16:368-370. doi: 10.1038/s41581-020-0271-z.

Zhang H, Zhang C, Zhu S, Ye H, Zhang D. Direct medical costs of end-stage kidney disease and renal replacement therapy: a cohort study in Guangzhou City, southern China. BMC Health Serv Res. 2020;20:122. doi: 10.1186/s12913-020-4960-x.

Capelli I, Cianciolo G, Gasperoni L, Zappulo F, Tondolo F, Cappuccilli M, et al. Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Administration in CKD, Why Not? Nutrients. 2019;11:383. doi: 10.3390/nu11020383.

Azem R, Daou R, Bassil E, Anvari EM, Taliercio JJ, Arrigain S, et al. Serum magnesium, mortality and disease progression in chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol. 2020;21:49. doi: 10.1186/s12882-020-1713-3.

Franca Gois PH, Wolley M, Ranganathan D, Seguro AC. Vitamin D Deficiency in Chronic Kidney Disease: Recent Evidence and Controversies. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15:1773. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15081773.

Agarwal R, Sinha AD. Thiazide diuretics in advanced chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2012;6:299-308. doi: 10.1016/j.jash.2012.07.004.

Thurston MM, Phillips BB, Bourg CA. Safety and efficacy of allopurinol in chronic kidney disease. Ann Pharmacother. 2013;47:1507-1516. doi: 10.1177/1060028013504740.

Ahmed A, Jorna T, Bhandari S. Should We STOP Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in Advanced Kidney Disease? Nephron. 2016;133:147-158. doi: 10.1159/000447068.

Sinha AD, Agarwal R. Clinical Pharmacology of Antihypertensive Therapy for the Treatment of Hypertension in CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2019;14:757-764. doi: 10.2215/CJN.04330418.

Hrenak J, Paulis L, Repova K, Aziriova S, Nagtegaal EJ, Reiter RJ, et al. Melatonin and renal protection: novel perspectives from animal experiments and human studies (review). Curr Pharm Des. 2015;21:936-949. doi: 10.2174/1381612820666140929092929.

Oschman JL, Chevalier G, Brown R. The effects of grounding (earthing) on inflammation, the immune response, wound healing, and prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. J Inflamm Res. 2015 ;8:83-96. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S69656.

Basu G, Mohapatra A. Interactions between thyroid disorders and kidney disease. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012;16:204-213. doi: 10.4103/2230-8210.93737.

Lee S, Kang S, Joo YS, Lee C, Nam KH, Yun HR, et al. Smoking, Smoking Cessation, and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: Results From KNOW-CKD Study. Nicotine Tob Res. 2021;23:92-98. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa071.

Joo YS, Koh H, Nam KH, Lee S, Kim J, Lee C, et al. Alcohol Consumption and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: Results From the Korean Cohort Study for Outcome in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Mayo Clin Proc. 2020;95:293-305. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.06.014.

Lew QJ, Jafar TH, Koh HW, Jin A, Chow KY, Yuan JM, et al. Red Meat Intake and Risk of ESRD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017;28:304-312. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2016030248.

Cases A, Cigarrán-Guldrís S, Mas S, Gonzalez-Parra E. Vegetable-Based Diets for Chronic Kidney Disease? It Is Time to Reconsider. Nutrients. 2019;11:1263. doi: 10.3390/nu11061263.

Torres JA, Kruger SL, Broderick C, Amarlkhagva T, Agrawal S, Dodam JR, et al. Ketosis Ameliorates Renal Cyst Growth in Polycystic Kidney Disease. Cell Metab. 2019;30:1007-1023.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.09.012.

Erejuwa OO, Aja DOJ, Uwaezuoke NI, Nwadike KI, Ezeokpo BC, Akpan JL, et al. Effects of honey supplementation on renal dysfunction and metabolic acidosis in rats with high-fat diet-induced chronic kidney disease. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2021;32:1. doi: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0151.

Nauffal M, Gabardi S. Nephrotoxicity of Natural Products. Blood Purif. 2016;41:123-129. doi: 10.1159/000441268.

Passey C. Reducing the Dietary Acid Load: How a More Alkaline Diet Benefits Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease. J Ren Nutr. 2017;27:151-160. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2016.11.006.

Nagasawa Y. Positive and Negative Aspects of Sodium Intake in Dialysis and Non-Dialysis CKD Patients. Nutrients. 2021;13:951. doi: 10.3390/nu13030951.

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Mohan S, Huff E, Wish J, Lilly M, Chen SC, McClellan WM; Fistula First Breakthrough Initiative Data Committee, 2013. Recovery of renal function among ESRD patients in the US medicare program. PLoS One. 2013;8:e83447. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083447.

Chen Z, Lee BJ, McCulloch CE, Burrows NR, Heung M, Hsu RK. The relation between dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury and recovery from end-stage renal disease: a national study. BMC Nephrol. 2019;20:342. doi: 10.1186/s12882-019-1483-y.

Agraharkar M, Nair V, Patlovany M. Recovery of renal function in dialysis patients. BMC Nephrol. 2003;4:9. doi: 10.1186/1471-2369-4-9.

Seckinger J, Dschietzig W, Leimenstoll G, Rob PM, Kuhlmann MK, Pommer W, et al.  Morbidity, mortality and quality of life in the ageing haemodialysis population: results from the ELDERLY study. Clin Kidney J. 2016;9:839-848. doi:10.1093/ckj/sfw087.

Letachowicz K, Madziarska K, Letachowicz W, Krajewska M, Penar J, Kusztal M. The possibility of renal function recovery in chronic hemodialysis patients should not be overlooked: Single center experience. Hemodial Int. 2016;20:12-14. doi:10.1111/hdi.12383.

Fehrman-Ekholm I, Bergenhag AC, Heimburger O, Schön S. Recovery of renal function after one-year of dialysis treatment: case report and registry data. Int J Nephrol. 2010;817836. doi: 10.4061/2010/817836.

Toprak O, Kirik A. Is renal function recovery and discontinuation of long term hemodialysis possible in patients with presumed end stage kidney disease? The role of Toprak’s Kidney Care. J Urol Ren Dis. 2020;05:1191. doi:10.29011/2575-7903.001191.

Bikbov B, Purcell CA, Levey AS, Smith M, Abdoli A, Abebe M. Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2020;395:709-733. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30045-3.

Piccoli GB, Guzzo G, Vigotti FN, Capizzi I, Clari R, Scognamiglio S. Tailoring dialysis and resuming low-protein diets may favor chronic dialysis discontinuation: report on three cases. Hemodial Int. 2014;18:590-595. doi:10.1111/hdi.12168.

Ikizler TA, Burrowes JD, Byham-Gray LD, Campbell KL, Carrero JJ, Chan W. KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Nutrition in CKD: 2020 Update. Am J Kidney Dis. 2020;76:S1-S107. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.05.006.

Toprak O, Bozyel EA, Alp B. Discontinuing Hemodialysis with Patient Care and a Successful 9-Year Follow-up in a Patient Presumed to have End-Stage Kidney Disease Scheduled to Lifelong Hemodialysis: A Case Report. Clinics and Practice. 2021;11:131-142. doi: 10.3390/clinpract11010019.

Sobhani Z, Nikoofal-Sahlabadi S, Amiri MS, Ramezani M, Emami SA, Sahebkar A. Therapeutic Effects of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Fruit in Traditional and Modern Medicine: A Review. Med Chem. 2020;16:1069-1088. doi:10.2174/1573406415666191031143553.

Alam MA, Nasiruddin M, Haque SF, Khan RA. Evaluation of safety and efficacy profile of Nigella sativa oil as an add-on therapy, in addition to alpha-keto analogue of essential amino acids in patients with chronic kidney disease. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2020;31:21-31. doi: 10.4103/1319-2442.279943.

Nelson K, Wysocki J. Benefits of Probiotic Consumption on Chronic Kidney Disease. J Ren Nutr. 2020;30:e35-e36. doi:10.1053/j.jrn.2019.05.001.

Dotto JM,  Chacha JS. The potential of pumpkin seeds as a functional food ingredient: A review. Scientific African. 2020;10:575. doi:10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00575.

Menigoz W, Latz TT, Ely RA, Kamei C, Melvin G, Sinatra D. Integrative and lifestyle medicine strategies should include Earthing (grounding): Review of research evidence and clinical observations. Explore (NY). 2020;16:152-160. doi: 10.1016/j.explore.2019.10.005.

Hanafusa N, Lodebo BT, Shah A, Kopple JD. Is There a Role for Diaphoresis Therapy for Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease Patients? J Ren Nutr. 2017;27:295-302. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2017.04.008.

Bo Y, Yeoh EK, Guo C, Zhang Z, Tam T, Chan TC, et al. Sleep and the Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cohort Study. J Clin Sleep Med. 2019;15:393-400. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.7660.

Pham TV, Beasley CM, Gagliardi JP, Koenig HG, Stanifer JW. Spirituality, Coping, and Resilience Among Rural Residents Living with Chronic Kidney Disease. J Relig Health. 2020;59:2951-2968. doi: 10.1007/s10943-019-00892-w.

Askari G, Heidari-Beni M, Broujeni MB, Ebneshahidi A, Amini M, Ghisvand R, et al. Effect of whole wheat bread and white bread consumption on pre-diabetes patient. Pak J Med Sci. 2013;29 Suppl:275-279. doi:10.12669/pjms.291(Suppl).3516.

Mohamadinasab S, Ravari A, Mirzaei T, Sayadi A. The Effect of Aromatherapy with Essential Rose Oils on Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients. J Med Plants. 2019;18:202-214. ‎ doi:10.29252/jmp.4.72.202.

Samarehfekri A, Dehghan M, Arab M, Ebadzadeh MR. Effect of Foot Reflexology on Pain, Fatigue, and Quality of Sleep after Kidney Transplantation Surgery: A Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020;2020:5095071. doi: 10.1155/2020/5095071.

Lu CY, Chen YC, Lu YW, Muo CH, Chang RE. Association of Constipation with risk of end-stage renal disease in patients with chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol. 2019;20:304. doi: 10.1186/s12882-019-1481-0.

Toprak O, Bozyel EA, Alp B, Kirik A. Discontinuation of Hemodialysis After 8 Years in Favor of Toprak's Kidney Care in a Patient with End-Stage Kidney Disease. Am J Case Rep. 2021;22:e930857. doi: 10.12659/AJCR.930857.

Wang Cs, Ku E. eHealth in kidney care. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2020;16:368-370. doi: 10.1038/s41581-020-0271-z.

Zhang H, Zhang C, Zhu S, Ye H, Zhang D. Direct medical costs of end-stage kidney disease and renal replacement therapy: a cohort study in Guangzhou City, southern China. BMC Health Serv Res. 2020;20:122. doi: 10.1186/s12913-020-4960-x.

Capelli I, Cianciolo G, Gasperoni L, Zappulo F, Tondolo F, Cappuccilli M, et al. Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Administration in CKD, Why Not? Nutrients. 2019;11:383. doi: 10.3390/nu11020383.

Azem R, Daou R, Bassil E, Anvari EM, Taliercio JJ, Arrigain S, et al. Serum magnesium, mortality and disease progression in chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol. 2020;21:49. doi: 10.1186/s12882-020-1713-3.

Franca Gois PH, Wolley M, Ranganathan D, Seguro AC. Vitamin D Deficiency in Chronic Kidney Disease: Recent Evidence and Controversies. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15:1773. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15081773.

Agarwal R, Sinha AD. Thiazide diuretics in advanced chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2012;6:299-308. doi: 10.1016/j.jash.2012.07.004.

Thurston MM, Phillips BB, Bourg CA. Safety and efficacy of allopurinol in chronic kidney disease. Ann Pharmacother. 2013;47:1507-1516. doi: 10.1177/1060028013504740.

Ahmed A, Jorna T, Bhandari S. Should We STOP Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in Advanced Kidney Disease? Nephron. 2016;133:147-158. doi: 10.1159/000447068.

Sinha AD, Agarwal R. Clinical Pharmacology of Antihypertensive Therapy for the Treatment of Hypertension in CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2019;14:757-764. doi: 10.2215/CJN.04330418.

Hrenak J, Paulis L, Repova K, Aziriova S, Nagtegaal EJ, Reiter RJ, et al. Melatonin and renal protection: novel perspectives from animal experiments and human studies (review). Curr Pharm Des. 2015;21:936-949. doi: 10.2174/1381612820666140929092929.

Oschman JL, Chevalier G, Brown R. The effects of grounding (earthing) on inflammation, the immune response, wound healing, and prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. J Inflamm Res. 2015 ;8:83-96. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S69656.

Basu G, Mohapatra A. Interactions between thyroid disorders and kidney disease. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012;16:204-213. doi: 10.4103/2230-8210.93737.

Lee S, Kang S, Joo YS, Lee C, Nam KH, Yun HR, et al. Smoking, Smoking Cessation, and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: Results From KNOW-CKD Study. Nicotine Tob Res. 2021;23:92-98. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa071.

Joo YS, Koh H, Nam KH, Lee S, Kim J, Lee C, et al. Alcohol Consumption and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: Results From the Korean Cohort Study for Outcome in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Mayo Clin Proc. 2020;95:293-305. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.06.014.

Lew QJ, Jafar TH, Koh HW, Jin A, Chow KY, Yuan JM, et al. Red Meat Intake and Risk of ESRD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017;28:304-312. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2016030248.

Cases A, Cigarrán-Guldrís S, Mas S, Gonzalez-Parra E. Vegetable-Based Diets for Chronic Kidney Disease? It Is Time to Reconsider. Nutrients. 2019;11:1263. doi: 10.3390/nu11061263.

Torres JA, Kruger SL, Broderick C, Amarlkhagva T, Agrawal S, Dodam JR, et al. Ketosis Ameliorates Renal Cyst Growth in Polycystic Kidney Disease. Cell Metab. 2019;30:1007-1023.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.09.012.

Erejuwa OO, Aja DOJ, Uwaezuoke NI, Nwadike KI, Ezeokpo BC, Akpan JL, et al. Effects of honey supplementation on renal dysfunction and metabolic acidosis in rats with high-fat diet-induced chronic kidney disease. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2021;32:1. doi: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0151.

Nauffal M, Gabardi S. Nephrotoxicity of Natural Products. Blood Purif. 2016;41:123-129. doi: 10.1159/000441268.

Passey C. Reducing the Dietary Acid Load: How a More Alkaline Diet Benefits Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease. J Ren Nutr. 2017;27:151-160. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2016.11.006.

Nagasawa Y. Positive and Negative Aspects of Sodium Intake in Dialysis and Non-Dialysis CKD Patients. Nutrients. 2021;13:951. doi: 10.3390/nu13030951.

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Опубліковано
2023-04-10
Як цитувати
Toprak, O., Bozyel, E. A., & Akgun, D. E. (2023). Успішне припинення лікування після 7 років гемодіалізу в результаті догляду за нирками за програмою Топрака: клінічний випадок. Український Журнал Нефрології та Діалізу, (2(78), 22-37. https://doi.org/10.31450/ukrjnd.2(78).2023.03

Розділ
Випадки з клінічної практики